General Anthropology: A Study of Humanity

Macroeconomics Singapore Government Forecasts

Question: Depict about the Report for Macroeconomics of Singapore Government Forecasts. Answer: Rundown of the Article: Singapore government gauges the development pace of monetary execution of Singapore remains around 1 to 3 percent. Be that as it may, there is a difference of market analyst in regards to the proposed measurements of this financial exhibition. As indicated by them, it is probably going to be the lower than this. The development pace of financial execution might be 1.5 to 2.5 percent. Financial Authority of Singapore (MAS) and Ministry of Trade and Industry distribute a yearly report on July 25th. National Bank keeps a nearby glance at the exit of Britten from the European Union, the issue of diminishing pace of Chinas financial development and fast recuperation of UKs economy. Notwithstanding, as indicated by MAS, the economy of Singapore is losing its pace of development in the initial a half year, prone to build its pace in the accompanying portion of the year. Financial specialists consider the issue of Brexit and Chinas low-pace monetary execution (Room 2016); propose the financi al development rate is around 1.5 percent to 2.5 percent. The business analyst of OCBC Bank proposes nearly a similar figure. MAS and financial analyst of DBS even dread of fall of the development rate even lower at this point. As per MAS, exchange bunch is likely giving some improvement. There is improvement in specific segments or industry like hardware, ocean transport and the discount. Assembling division shows an improvement from 0.5 percent to 0.8 percent in the second quarter than the principal quarter of the year. Development and administration divisions don't show that quite a bit of progress. Nonetheless, there is a prerequisite of progress in these segments. As indicated by Ravi Menon, the overseeing chief of MAS, if there is no such improvement; the development rate might be lower than the earlier year. This is a genuine worry of the administration of Singapore (Leong, Ashokkumar and Kentish 2016). MAS suggest the arrangement for energy about zero in outside trade. National Bank understands a need of progress in the current fiscal approaches. MAS desire is that bit by bit expanding swelling rate can cause to change in the choice of the Central Bank with respect to the fiscal arrangement. Be that as it may, Central Bank unmistakably shows its expectations for an unaltered money related strategy. There is an enthusiasm of MAS to guarantee the budgetary uprightness of the Singapore economy. National Bank makes a few strides for the money related foundation to deal with the streams identified with 1MDB. The announcement of the Central Bank is definitely more conceivable to general society than the typical one. There is an away from of MAS with respect to a declining notoriety of Singapore economy as a trustable focus of account. To diminish the exercises of tax evasion, MAS recommends dynamic and solid administrative structure, an organization from the nearby guest, solid oversight on a money related establishment and appropriate authorization of laws. Implementation of appropriate principles and guidelines can forestall different fakeness and criminal operations of Singapore (Quah 2016). Monetary Definition utilized in this examination: Monetary Growth: in the event of Singapore, business analyst trusts that the development of the economy or the financial exhibition of the Singapore economy is 1.5% to 2%. This figure of the pace of development of the Singaporean economy isn't persuading. To support its past splendid presentation of the economy, the strategy creators should look forward, endorse and execute the necessary changes to the current arrangements, as per the requirements of the economy (Harvie and Van 2016). Expansion: The desire for MAS with respect to the future or the swelling pace of 2016 is in the middle of - 0.1% to 0%. Fiscal arrangement: The financial authority of Singapore (MAS), deals with all the money related strategies of Singapore. National Bank of Singapore assumes an essential job in deciding the different strategies in the field of different financial components like pace of premium, pace of outside trade, expansion, and value steadiness. Unpredictability in the cost can make significant issue the economy. Along these lines, there ought to be value soundness. Illegal tax avoidance: The Central Bank of Singapore sets up another body to forestall the demonstration of tax evasion. The rising instance of illegal tax avoidance is the principle reason of decay in the trust on the Singaporean economy in any related money related streams (Jansen 2016). Financial Analysis: As per MAS, the normal development pace of Singapore isn't great in 2016. The joint investigation of MAS and Ministry of exchange and industry of Singapore distributes a report on the normal pace of development of the economy. This report recommends that the future pace of development of the economy remains between 1.5 to 2.5 percent. There might be a few purposes for this lower development rate. The compelling impacts are the abrupt exit of Britten from the European Union, the monetary recuperation of UK and moderate development pace of China. Adding to this specific situation, there are a few trusts emerge in the presentation of assembling, ocean transport and the discount business. Be that as it may, the exhibitions of the administration areas and development divisions are not all that great (www.mas.gov.sg. 2016). In late day, to support an advancement of the rising economy like Singapore, there is a necessity of continued increment in a tertiary area like vehicle and administrat ion divisions alongside a solid increment in essential and auxiliary segments. Be that as it may, the patterns and execution of the economy of Singapore in the tertiary area are not so astounding. Alongside this issue, the Central Bank doesn't prepare them to change their money related arrangements. Its market strategies are conflicting with the progressing monetary circumstance in Singapore. Swelling rate slowly begins expanding. There are additionally different issues of illegal tax avoidance and monetary streams related 1MDB. In the accompanying chart, there is a diagram of the development pace of GDP of Singapore (Room 2016). In figure 4, the flat hub quantifies the time and vertical hub gauges the development pace of GDP of Singapore. The accompanying chart shows the pace of GDP of Singapore from 2011 to 2016. The estimation of the pace of GDP is on a quarter scales. The blue bars are demonstrating the division of GDP from quarter-to-quarter scale. The red line demonstrates the variety of the pace of GDP from year to year scale. The year-to-year scale shows a sharp decrease in the pace of GDP in the time of 2011, and afterward it is fluctuating. It details expanding at mid-quarter of 2013 till the last quarter. On the other hand, it begins diminishing and after then demonstrating a variance and remains lower till the finish of first quarter of 2016 (Schmoke et al. 2016). Statement from the given article, the national bank likewise said on Monday except if there was a checked weakening in the worldwide economy, or a noteworthy move in the expansion standpoint, there is no compelling reason to change its current financial approach position - this implies the national bank doesn't prepared to change its money related arrangements. The national bank changes its fiscal strategies if the swelling rate is essentially high or any earnest prerequisite emerges. Figure 1, shows the interest for cash and figure 2, speaks to the flexibly of cash. In figure 3, first bend shows the short run harmony and the subsequent diagram shows the since a long time ago run balance of the currency showcase. In short run total flexibly bend is upward slanting and total interest bend is descending inclining. As the interest builds comparative with gracefully, value level ascents. In since a long time ago run, total gracefully is fixed. In this manner, increment in cash gracefully raises the total interest and raises the degree of cost. The interest for cash has a negative connection with pace of premium and fixed cash gracefully for a given time. The balance in cash gracefully and request chooses the pace of premium. As there is no climb in swelling, there is no adjustment in the fiscal arrangement by the national bank. Figure 1: interest for cash (Source: made by creator) Figure 2: gracefully of cash (Source: made by creator) Figure 3: request and gracefully of cash in SR and LR (Source: made by creator) Figure 1:The development pace of GDP (Source: made by creator) Financial ramifications: From the above conversation, plainly Singapore economy faces a difficult issue. Singapore government needs to keep a nearby look on the issue identified with counteraction of illegal tax avoidance exercises. The legislature ought to keep up the earned-notoriety of Singapore in related money related issues and salvage back its situation in the worldwide market. The legislature should improve and keep up the inner and outside budgetary respectability. The development of tertiary areas is significant for any economy. Singapore shows an improved presentation in the assembling implies auxiliary parts. Nonetheless, there is a necessity of progress of the considerable number of divisions in a reasonable manner. In this way, there is need of a solid administrative structure, solid management on the money related establishment, appropriate authorization laws (He 2016). End: The economy of Singapore is a developing financial matters. It shows an extremely noteworthy development rate previously. All the segments show noteworthy improvement in such manner before. Be that as it may, because of certain reasons the economy of Singapore faces a few difficulties in the blink of an eye. There is a solid impact of certain outer financial changes on the Singaporean economy. Watching out for these outside issues, there is a necessity of genuine worry of Singapore government and Central Bank. There is a necessity of giving solid accentuation on the suggested arrangements of proficient strategy producers and to the master financial analyst. National Bank ought to adjust its current financial strategies. Different occasions of tax evasion and other criminal operations cause crumbling in the money related dependability of the Singapore in the worldwide market. In this way, to gain the notoriety of the economy once more, there is a requirement for coordination of the co nsiderable number of divisions of the economy. The propose

Mc Donald’s and the Health and Tick Approval

At the coming of issues, McDonald’s is conflicted between decisions of actions.â Finally, it figured out how to embrace to change and force development in its framework which thusly welcomed constructive outcome on the company.â Upon the exhortation of the Public Relations office, the organization made fundamental activity to neutralize against terrible exposure; and the most significant among the methodologies is the Heart and Tick Approval.IntroductionGlobally, McDonald’s offers what individuals need in this time of globalization.â The American culture of cheap food chain as a spot for individuals who couldn't stand to plan nourishments at home since the two guardians are working started to enter Asian culture.â In a similar idea, McDonald’s turned into a spot to praise birthday celebrations and to participate in conversation.â Generally, inexpensive food chains like McDonald’s is a decent spot to go for occupied individuals who look for the so lace of living.â Mc Donald turned out to be a piece of the way of life of the advanced times.Mc Donald’s after the dubious advertisements â€Å"the Super Size Me† of Spurlock had concocted a technique to recover their control of the market as far as cheap food in any event to make a positive picture on their organization as being worried about the soundness of its support. This specific procedure which they had embraced was the Heart and Tick Program that tests the item from unfortunate fixings that may hurt the item and the buyers as well.â The program utilizes the image heart which implies that the food is heart-friendly.For a few, this image on the name of each result of McDonald’s is a sort of abuse since they use it as their limited time strategy.â The core of the Foundation itself gives a subtle prompt that blends the brain of the purchasers attempting to mislead them by telling that McDonald’s item are acceptable when they are not.Though in e arlier years, McDonald’s had been perpetually fruitful, yet because of the decay of its offers and deals in 1998, had conceived a key arrangement that got change to the company’s point of view reaction to the controversy.â This leads for the presentation of the Health decisions and the tick endorsements known as the Heart Foundation.The changes that have been taken by the organization are the aftereffect of the numerous discussions that tested the fame and truthfulness of McDonald in its moral commitment to condition and to its consumers.â This is on the grounds that the organization is impervious to any powers that may modify change.Generic Change Tools or Solutions AppliedThe â€Å"Super Size Me† advertisements welcomed a major contention on McDonald’s wherever on the planet and the media recognized it or connected it to ‘obesity.’â Therefore, the organization had at long last chosen to force development to counter terrible open expos ure of the McDonald’s and received changes in their menu offerings.â In a gathering composed by Liberal Senator Guy Barnett, Mr. Subside Bush, the CEO of McDonald’s Australia, clarified that their organization takes on another food contributions that will totally wellbeing agreeable (Burton, p. 30).â The author additionally stressed that McDonald’s included another scope of plates of mixed greens to their feast, with the cutting of sugar content in the buns and less carbohydrate content from all the foods.â It has likewise diminished its publicizing by 60% each hour.The specific answer for this debate is surrendering to the open interest which is identified with corpulence that is related with different ailment basic to individuals these days, for example, hypertension and cardiovascular breakdown. The organization itself received the standards of the Tick Program of the Heart Foundation.â In Australia, The Heart Foundation Tick is the answer for the dev eloping heftiness rates among youngsters and adults.â Healthy decisions of food turned into the consumers’ request in many industrialized nations like Australia.â In a most recent review, 93% of Australians food had the more prominent job in delivering overweight kids and grown-ups (Heart Foundation).Modified or relinquished to suit hierarchical requirements.Robert Dransfield clarified in his paper that the key arranging that McDonald’s had attempted is a reaction to all the difficulties that the organization is confronting remembering its rivals for the burger business (p. 460).â This is significant on the grounds that upper hand is made by joining qualities which implies Mc Donald can misuse abilities and bit of leeway at various focuses in the worth chain to include more an incentive in various ways.â at the end of the day, the estimation of the item which McDonald’s creates, for example, burger, beverages, fries and other food items, is the apparent advantage that client would be continued returning. It additionally implies that worth originates from item separation, item cost, and the capacity of McDonald’s to meet clients’ demands.The author likewise noticed that key arranging is basic since it shapes the eventual fate of the association as it must satisfy the customers’ needs and needs.â Dransfield accentuated that McDonald created serious procedures that separate it from its opponents (p. 461), in which it perceives the need to react to the more noteworthy interest to increment serious hole by: â€Å"adding more noteworthy incentive through advancement, making the way toward visiting a McDonald’s less everyday practice and controlled, and improving the by and large in-house experience† (p.461).In specific, McDonald’s gives suitable arrangements, for example, â€Å"(a) giving an increasingly adjusted contribution that incorporates organic products, sans sugar natural product drink s for youngsters and progressively chicken items, and (b) by making an Extra-Value Meal and a McChoice menu offering that gives fantastic incentive to money† in light of the fact that cost is basic to dynamic (p. 461).McDonald’s needs to deliberately cut the costs of their item as a react likewise to the â€Å"burgers wars† with the Burger King’s attack.â Thus, McDonald’s â€Å"sought overall authority on the worldwide cheap food advertise through ease creation of a normalized menu† (Grant, p. 1117).â Robert Morris Grant clarified that McDonald’s procedure is established on a focal conviction that will be eager to slice cost so as to support volume growth.Another technique which McDonald’s attempted was utilizing the persona of Ronald McDonald that looked adorable and ridiculous to children.â This figure as a piece of Public Relations system of McDonald’s passes on a promoting motivation.â According to Bob Burton, the jokester suit implies: â€Å"Ronald cherishes McDonald’s and McDonald’s food† (Burton, p. 34).This citation shows â€Å"that you ought to do all that you can to speak to children’s love Ronald and McDonald’s† (p. 34).â The comedian is additionally utilized in magnanimous exercises of the organization; it is seen in numerous medical clinics across Australia and other beneficent places.â Burton accentuated that in one of McDonald’s report, the general target of the organization isn't just to give something back to the network yet additionally to help separate McDonald’s from its rivals (p. 34).Alternative Strategies and Change ToolsThere are a lot of methodologies that McDonald’s organization had contemplate and its instruments are Public Relation and mass media.â The procedures, for example, the value decrease, association to Heart Foundation, and utilizing the jokester Ronald McDonald got compelling in bringin g back the positive picture of the company.â There are different techniques that were utilized yet these three are significant factors in the process.Its Public Relations bunch †the Golin/Harris Communications - played a significant in the general assignment. They figured various methodologies and brought McDonald’s closer to its purchasers once again.â This occasion in the life of McDonald’s is the defining moment for it to turn out to be by and by a mammoth in business and simultaneously mindful enough in its commitment to public.â The broad communications made things feasible for McDonald’s for carrying every single limited time movement to the general population in a split of a second.ConclusionChange or advancement is significant in an organization so as to adjust to the interest of the customers.â Change might be arranged or spontaneous, however any issue would bring forth another issue if not went to to.â This is the situation of McDonaldâ €™s has taken in its exercise; it ought not stay sure about numerous difficulties yet be prepared consistently for the challenges.â Organization, for example, this must embrace new procedures and utilize change from time to time.â Innovation and inventiveness are the words that can help the organization moving and growing.Work CitedBurton, Bob 2007. Inside Spin: The Dark Underbelly of the PR Industry. Australia: Allen and UnwinDransfield, Robert 2004. Business for Foundation Degrees and Higher Awards. Heinemann Educational PublishersGrant, Robert Morris 1998.â Contemporary Strategy Analysis. Blackwell Publishing.National Heart Foundation of Australia 2006http://www.heartfoundation.org.au/record/NHF/Tick_Brochure_FINAL_2006-11-02.pdf

Team evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Group assessment - Essay Example Pamela as the coordinator additionally assessed the working style of each colleague for quality execution and high profitability. Group Evaluation There likewise existed group co-editors, Isabella Hyde and Barbara Holland. Their obligation was assessing cooperation for emerging issues or down to earth mistakes in this way guaranteeing quality last item. Through a similar assessment they likewise guaranteed that structure of the group was in accordance with the team’s vision. Marion Johnson was chosen as the group moderator and her obligation was to sum up the essential data for each task and setting up the last item. The desire for the job of the group moderator was to arrange all collaborations while consolidating data and relating it to group vision. As a group B part, I truly took in a great deal, the most significant experience I got from the gathering was the means by which to work in a group. I figured out the fact that it is so essential to tune in to different people’s perspectives and regard them. The group chiefs were capable individuals and they helped me understand my capacities as an expert medical caretaker and since them I built up a significant level of trust in my administrations. In any case, I confronted a couple of difficulties while in the group; from the start it was difficult for me to work with outsiders and I was feeling strange. Another test was the manner by which to deal with my eagerness with regards to collaboration, anyway before the finish, all things considered, I was an alternate individual, extremely persistent. Group B was such a decent group to work with, anyway in there are better methodologies which in the event that they were set up the group would have risen as superb. One of these techniques is guaranteeing an entrenched correspondence organize in which a colleague realizes where to enquire/report what. Another methodology is guaranteeing polished skill in nursing practices and figuring out how to deal with patients in a clinical situation as proposed by Cohen and Cesta (2005). The group forms in this course gave me great exercises for a future medicinal services

The Research Essay

The Research EssayThe Research Essay is the one essay which has received much attention from the young and old alike. It is no surprise that essay writing has become more than just a craft.In most situations, lengthy essays are not necessary as people simply have too much to do in their day to day lives to need them. However, there are situations where the research essay is required, for example when you need to present information which you have personally gathered. This form of essay writing is generally used by students in order to complete assignments or to write a dissertation on a particular topic.To put your research in an academic basis, essay writing requires you to carry out some research. In fact, the best way to do this is to read articles, journals, books and even television programmes and then carry out your own research in order to write an essay on the topic. Make sure that the information you are gathering is reliable as you can damage your credibility if you don't t ake the effort to learn all you can about a particular subject.When you carry out your original research, make sure that you take the time to read articles that are related to your topic so that you can use the information you find in order to develop your own ideas. Furthermore, you should also get as much information as you can about the subject of your essay, the researcher and their case.Most people who have a keen interest in some topic find it helpful to write about what they know, or what they have read, in order to get their point across, but it is vital that they do not forget to use different perspectives to add to their facts. It is the same with the research essay as well.If you want to be able to fully utilise your original research, it is important that you consider all the aspects of the research and write it properly. Don't make the mistake of simply repeating information you have found and focus instead on stating your argument clearly and accurately.You should also remember that the research essay will have to deal with situations which are unique to you and your situation. It is therefore important that you do not use it to write about your experience in everyday life, rather it should be written about what you found in the research.Finally, to be able to fully utilise your research you must edit your work before submission. You should first check your grammar and sentence structure, and then carry out a critical analysis of each of your points.

Eye Witnessing testimony Term Paper - 3850 Words

Eye Witnessing testimony (Term Paper Sample) Content: Eye Witnessing TestimonyStudent NameUniversity AffiliationEye Witnessing TestimonyThe aim of this paper is to provide a literature review that critically discusses seven peer- reviewed articles regarding eyewitness memory and the identification procedures that are associated. In addition, the paper will examine the problems associated with eyewitness, the general research approach used, as well as, the various methods for the identification of the events associated during the eyewitness, and the findings associated with the issues in the paper. Part one of this paper will extensively give its focus to the topic on eyewitness testimony and will also examine the relevant literature for the topic. Finally, Part one of this paper will discuss the research approaches used for testing the reliability of testimonies that come from eyewitnesses, and critically examine the procedures for identification in eyewitness. Part two of this research will demonstrate the comprehension of the topic by making use of the knowledge acquired from the topic and research to real life police practices. Specifically, the paper will examine the procedures for identification detailed in the "New South Wales Police Forceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Code of Practice for CRIME (Custody, Rights, Investigation, Management and Evidence)" (2010).The best approach will then discuss each of the sections on whether the recommendations are supported by the empirical research or not.IntroductionEyewitness testimony refers to any account provided by individuals of an event or events that the individuals personally witnessed (Brewer Oalmer 2010). A good example is a case where people are required to provide a quick description of an accident of which they witnessed. The description will include the vehicles associated, the scene, as well as, the possible cause of the accident. Research on eyewitness involves the psychological view of how witnesses perceive incidences, recalls them and reports the occu rrences in the legal frame. Eyewitness proves to be a crucial area of cognitive psychology research as well as research on human memory. This research enhances one to learn the different kinds of human memory, in that the eyewitness provides a series of events that he or she can recall. Therefore, this research proves to be essential when evaluating human memory.Literature reviewRecent articles and books regarding human memory have been expounded to a few texts concerning eyewitness testimony subject. Scholars have also conducted many studies regarding the human memory and its relation to the propensity to recall erroneously occurrences and details that never took place (Wells, 1998). For example, Elizabeth Loftus conducted experiments in the 70s to demonstrate the implications of a third party when introducing unrealistic facts into the memory. In the experiment, the participants were shown a car slide that was at the intersection with yield or stop sign. The experimenter then aske d the participants some questions. The questions were asked, while falsely introducing the "stop sign" term instead of a yield sign which was the option seen. In addition, the experimenters intentionally substituted the "yield sign" term in the quiz that had been directed to those participants who had seen the stop sign. The results of the experiment indicated that participants only recalled seeing the false image.In the first part of the experiment, the participants were asked to take a keen view of a car accident slide. Some of the participants were then asked to state how quick the vehicles moved before hitting each other. Others were asked to state how fast the vehicle were moving when they smashed into each other. The participants that were questioned using the term "smashed" had high chances of reporting having observed broken glasses in the initial slide. The use of false cues changed participantsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ memories CITATION SMK98 \l 1033 (Kassin, 1998).Eyewitness testimony greatly relies on human memory accuracy. Therefore, the memory has a large impact considering the outcome of any trial. A witnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ memory, therefore, is crucial not only to crime related cases but also in civil cases. In road accidents, for example, eyewitness testimony holds much weight when determining who the cause of the incident is couched in the acceptance of the statement as integral evidence is the assumption that, human minds are precise recorders and store of events.Humans compactly hold on to the belief that their memories are intact in preservation and that thoughts are critically imperishable, and impressions are not forgotten. Sigmund Freud argued that long time based memories lie deeply in the unconscious mind. The depth is too deep to be bothered by existing events, as well as, experiences (Wells, Penrod, Fulero Brimacombe, 1998). Today, most individuals are in the process of accepting Freud's view of memory.In a survey conducted in the United States of America, individuals from different parts of the United States were asked for their views on how the human memory works. Out of these, some had formal psychology graduate training, whereas the remaining fraction did not. The non psychologists were into varied occupations. The participants were then asked to review the approaches that follow; everything human beings learn is stored permanently in the mind. However, some specific details are not retrievable. With special techniques such as hypnosis, the inaccessible details can eventually be recovered. The next thought was that some details learnt may be permanently lost from the human memory (Wells et al., 1998). It would be hard to recover such details by techniques such as hypnosis. This situation is so because the details are no longer there. The results showed that a large fraction, about 80 percent, of the psychologists and about 70 percent of the non psychologists opted to go for the first approach. The approach indicated that all information in the memory that is long-term is stored, despite the fact that it would be difficult to retrieve much of it.The choice of the response was on the basis of personal experience and involvement in the recovery of a concept that the individual had not thought of for quite a long time (Wells 1998). In addition, Wilder Penfieldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s knowledge on brain stimulation in patients with epileptic were initially used as a piece of evidence for supporting the theory that stipulates that memories are permanent and stable. Some audience mentioned reincarnation, hypnosis, Pentothal, or even psychoanalysis, to firmly support their belief in the permanence of memory.Problems associated with eyewitness testimonyEyewitness may not be effective in the provision of information to be used as evidence. This situation is so because the events as narrated by the eyewitness are adversely affected by other factors. To begin with, the witness may be influenced by lawyers in the courtroo m till they reconstruct their series of events. Thus, the narration will not be accurate and effective and the court or any institution that relies on a piece of information might not be in a position to make sound decisions based on the witness.Eyewitness greatly depends on the individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s memory. A case where a person fails to recall some of the events may lead to misleading evidence that may not be a clear indication of justice. In addition, the witness may offer false series of events so as to favor one party in the courtroom or suitable institution.The content of the events narrated by the witness may be affected by continued retelling of the story. Each time the witness tells the occurrences, there are possibilities that he or she will give a different version of the events. This situation greatly affects the consistence of the eyewitness.Eyewitness identification Procedures and Best PracticesEyewitness misidentification has contributed to many wrongful convictions that are later proven by other means such as DNA testing (Kassin, 1998). Therefore, for eyewitness testimony to be used as an effective source of evidence, then there should be procedures to be followed when conducting the eyewitness identification.To begin with, instructions are to be offered to both the parties involved in the procedure. Instructions are defined as the series of statements given to the eyewitness by the procedure administrator that prevent the eyewitness from having a feeling that he/she has been compelled from making a selection, get guidance from the administrator about whom to or not to pick, or if or not choice was correct, and minimize the possibility of misidentification. First instruct each eyewitness in absence of other persons. Then explain the meaning of the photo array to the eyewitness as a group of photographs only. Suggest to the eyewitness to flashback to the event and his/her mind at that moment. Give instruction to the eyewitness to choose a photo array if it is possible and to say how he/she is familiar with the person if he/she can. Give assurance to the eyewitness that even if he/she makes identification, the case will still be under probe by the police. Instruct the eyewitness that it is procedural the investigator to ask him/her to state the surety he/she has in any identification.In addition to the above institutions, other institutions have also given instructions geared at minimizing misidentifications. These include advising the witness that the administrator has no information that the suspect may be, giving direction to the eyewitness not to disclose procedure or results to the other eyewitnesses involved and avoid coming into contact with media.Research has previously shown that the eyewitnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s level of confidence in the identification at trial is the main factor influencing whether observers believe that the identification is true. Record...

Comparing Amy Tans Mother Tongue and Gloria Anzulduas...

ESSAY #9: ISSUE OF LANGUAGE AND IDENTITY Identity is the essential core of who we are as individuals, the conscious experience of the self inside - Kaufman (AnzuldÏ a 62). Coming to America and speaking more than one language, I often face similar situations as Gloria AnzaldÏ a and Amy Tan. Going to high school where personal image is a big part of a student s life is very nerve racking. American Values are often forced upon students and a certain way of life is expected of them. Many times, in America, people look down on people who do not accept the American Way of Life. The struggle of fitting in and accepting the cultural background is a major point in both essays, _Mother Tongue_ by Amy Tan and _How to Tame a Wild Tongue_ by†¦show more content†¦The outcome of trying to express herself in her true nature often got her punished severely. Tan feels less fortunate to have been in an immigrant family because many of her opportunities were taken away because of that. While growing up, Tan believed that because her mother s English †¦had an

Women in Male-Dominated Careers Essay - 1790 Words

Over the years there have been many changes in the work-place. Since the second World War there has been a steady increase of women on the workforce across all the different types of careers there are in the United States. Some careers have seen more of a rapid change than others, a few of the career fields that have not really had much growth in gender diversity have been Engineering and Technology. Both of these fields have always been more male dominate throughout the history of their existence. The problem is that both of these careers demand a constant stream of new innovative ideas to fuel advancements in different types of technology. Those advancements are also very important to the public’s day to day life, as both of these†¦show more content†¦Back, still only a few years ago, as a now Purdue alumnus shared with me, â€Å"while going to Engineer Job Fairs, that some companies were slightly surprised to see a woman interested in their jobs they had to offer (Springer 2011),† Although as she went through college, it seemed like there were less and less surprised. This is a great example of how over a five year span, how people and companies are becoming more and more accepting of woman in the field. As a study, found by Richman and his fellow writers, also agrees with the change, â€Å"women in 1958 earned less than 1% of the doctorates in engineering, but in 2006 they earned 20% of those doctorates† (2011), this statistic shows great promise for the engineering field, and how women are starting to become more interested in the career at the college level. The same is shown in the real world, with women in jobs actually getting to use their degrees, and being able to stay with the same company long enough to receive tenure. â€Å"Although women comprised less than 1% of tenure-track or tenured engineering faculty through 1979, they increased to 11% of engineering faculty in 2006† (Richman 2011). While not as great o f jump as there was in the college degrees being handed out, there is still a 10% growth over a 27 year period. Although there are definitely advances in bringing in new minds into the mix, the progress is very slow. Before it can speed upShow MoreRelatedGender Stratification in the Workplace1147 Words   |  5 PagesGender in Gender-Biased Professions Ruth Simpson interviewed 40 males working in the female-dominated professions of primary school teachers, flight attendants, nursing, and librarians to better understand their experiences. Of those interviewed, only two found their career choice unsatisfactory and had plans to leave (356). The rest were glad they chose or stumbled upon their current career. Simpson contrasted the experiences of male flight attendants, nurses, librarians, and primary school teachersRead MoreGender, Gender And Social Class Essay1543 Words   |  7 Pagesinterests such as careers, fashion, and fandom. When our chosen and assigned aspects come together, our own identity is formed. These parts eventually impact and affect each other with the idea of intersection. The interconnection of being a woman and belonging to a certain career cross and act on each other in ways that are mostly negative. Many women find being successful in their careers very difficult especially women who are based into a male dominated industry. The stereotyping of women is quite commonRead MoreThe Wonderful Workforce 867 Words   |  4 PagesSeparation in the workforce between male and female jobs creates a setting of inequality and instability in the work force, which limits certain career paths citizens should pursue and promotes an idea of inequality in employment opportunities. In tradition, the man is the breadwinner of the family; while this has changed, men still dominate many career paths. Once upon a time, only men were allowed to play sports in high school. This had drastically changed, due to Title IX, a law that providedRead MoreThe Glass Escalator By Adia Wingfield926 Words   |  4 Pagesspecific career paths. Careers such as a construction worker, mechanic and electrician may be gender stereotyped as a man’s career and careers such as nursing, secretary, elementary school teachers and child care workers may be seen as a woman’s profession. I chose to analyze the concept of â€Å" The Glass Escalator† by Adia Wingfield and relate it to two different news articles â€Å" More men enter Fields Dominated by Women.† By Shaila Dewan and Robert Gebeloff and the article â€Å"Kudos for the Black Male Nurse†Read MoreThe Issue Of Gender Inequality904 Words   |  4 Pagesissue of gender inequality towards wome n in male-dominated fields still occurs today despite an equality law implanted over 50 years ago. The purpose of this collected research is to address the issues of sex-discrimination in traditional male careers such as segregated stereotypes, unfair career advancements and the gender based wage gap. Throughout the research process, discoveries revealed that women are viewed by males as incapable of completing work in male-based fields such as constructionRead MoreWhere Are The Elementary Male Teachers?919 Words   |  4 PagesWhere are the Elementary Male Teachers? All my years of being in school and going to field placement this semester, I have realized there are not very many male elementary school teachers. In fact, it is very surprising if I even see one male teacher in the elementary schools, walking the halls, or teaching the students. This has been a re-occurring question that I have had for a while and I am hoping to answer it in this paper. So, my question is; why are there not many male elementary school teachersRead MoreGender Inequality1554 Words   |  7 Pagesis a matter of fervent debate and while some argue that there are innate and distinct differences between male and female cognitive abilities, I believe there to be other factors at play, including pervasive gender stereotyping and other social forces like bias and parenting effects. Elizabeth Spelke (2005), in the article, Do Significant Innate Differences Influence the Career Success of Males and Females, explains how a study conducted on high school students who were given a mathematical word problemRead MoreWomen s Experiences Towards Becoming A Nurse Clinician Essay842 Words   |  4 Pageslimited research on men’s experiences in non-traditional (i.e., female-dominated) fields. Nursing has become female-dominated, and we are interested in examining the male experience in a female-dominated occupation by exploring how gender identity influences a man’s work as a nurse, and how the experience of being male frames his career trajectory toward becoming a nurse clinician. Nursing is a profession dominated by women. Approximately 93% of nurses are female (U.S. Department of Health andRead MoreFemale Students Pursuing Science, Technology, Engineering, Or Mathematics Essay1670 Words   |  7 Pageseven though male dominance persists, particularly in the upper levels of STEM careers. Male and female students at the elementary, middle, and high school levels leave school equally prepared to pursue STEM majors at the college and university levels. However, fewer females tend to pursue these majors. Female students are less likely to indicate intentions of majoring in STEM and by graduation; males often outnumber females in engineering and science fields. The representation of women in STEM disciplinesRead MoreGender Inequality Within The United States1701 Words   |  7 Pageschoice of careers for people all throughout the United States. In history, it is taught that males dominated women in many careers, while women dominated males in only a few other mi nor positions. Males had an upper hand over women in engineering and in the military. One of the reasons males dominated was the idea of dominance over women has been passed down for centuries. It was never common for a women to be an engineer of a home or anything that wasn’t meant for women. Women only dominated in certain

Fashion Designer Clemente Ludoviko Valentino Garavani

â€Å"I know what women want. They want to be beautiful† (www.vogue.com/voguepedia/Valentino) said Valentino Garavani who was one of the most influential fashion designs of the 20th and 21st century, â€Å"Known for his classic designs, hes been dressing the world’s rich and famous for almost the last five decades. Valentino has built his once small fashion house into a fashion empire.† (www.lifeinitaly.com/fashion/valentino-garavini.asp) His career in fashion started in the fifties but his passion for it began as a young child with the approval and encouragement of his parents. Valentino Clemente Ludovico Garavani was born in Italy in 1932 where he lived for 17 years until he left for Paris to study fashion at the famous school of L’ecole de la†¦show more content†¦Partner Giammetti has the idea to use the V in merchandising for all kinds of accessories. In that same year he designed a dress for one of his most famous clients, Jacqueline Kennedy, who wore this creation or her wedding to Aristotle Onassis. Valentino spent most the seventies in New York socialising and dressing famous celebrities but not before launching his first ready-to-wear for men and women and opened boutiques in Rome, Milan, London, Paris then USA and the Far East. Valentines designs started to grow beyond dresses to jeans, shirts and accessories. â€Å"The success story grew in strength with a perfume and interior decor line. Valentino had truly become fashions It man.† (www.lifeinitaly.com/fashion/valentino-garavini.asp) More collections where launched during the eighties such as childrenswear and a line for young adults. Academie Valentino opened in 1989 in Rome, a cultural house host to art exhibitions and other activities. â€Å"Valentino’s designs through the years have remained romantic, just like he prefers. Throughout the years, Valentino has continued to make romantic, lovely and fashionable designs that speak to women of all ages.† (www.lifeinitaly.com/fashion/valentino-garavini.asp) In 1998 Valentino and partner Giammetti sell the company HdP who in 2002

The Key Elements Of A Successful Business - 1423 Words

I have chosen to do my research in small business. I want to know what it takes to build a successful business. What are the skills needed to start a new business? What are some of the steps to building a business model and plan? I am working on getting my degree in business. I am a general manager and will be soon help the company expand in opening two new stores in the next few months. This is something that is exciting to be able to expand the brand. This experience will help me when I am ready to own my own business. I know a small business is a big responsibility. As an owner, one has to dedicate lots of time and money to grow the brand and create customer loyalty. I know that simply being in love with an idea or product produced is not enough to survive in the business world. What are the key elements of a successful business? I want to learn more about creating a successful business plan and the logistics it takes to start a small business. I want to learn as much as possible about becoming an entrepreneur. I started my research at the MCC library. I was able to find the resources needed to help me research my topic. The book Entrepreneurship demonstrates some statistic, for example, 58% of Americans say they dream of starting a business and becoming their own boss. The most common reason for wanting to start a business is increasing one’s income followed by independence (3). I liked the different stories of companies started such as Home depot, Stacy’s Chips, andShow MoreRelatedPlanning For Long Term Success1014 Words   |  5 PagesPaul Frankenhauser Strayer University August 14, 2016 A successful business is like a road map covering all the highways and streets of the organization. The organization must be able to give a complete plan of the necessary task to keep the business moving from stage to stage. There are critical developing task to successfully grow in each stage of the business life term. An organization can start with a strong foundation by using some key components with development. The development skills haveRead MorePlanning For Long Term Success1009 Words   |  5 PagesFrankenhauser Strayer University October 27, 2016 â€Æ' A successful business is like a road map covering all the highways and streets of the organization. The organization must be able to give a complete plan of the necessary task to keep the business moving from stage to stage. There are critical developing task to successfully grow in each stage of the business life term. An organization can start with a strong foundation by using some key components with development. The development skills haveRead MoreAnalysis : Mind Maps And Work Flow Diagrams985 Words   |  4 Pages Each element or deliverable listed in the Project Implementation Model Mind Maps is further defined on Single Pages. Single Pages include the following: †¢ Defines the element and the reason (objective) for developing the element †¢ Lists key assumptions †¢ Specifies the action to be taken to develop the element and by whom †¢ Lists the key performance indicators †¢ Specifies the inputs that are prerequisites for developing the element †¢ Specifies the deliverables resulting from the element †¢ IdentifiesRead MoreValue Chain as Competitive Advantage1024 Words   |  5 Pagesdeveloped by recognized Harvard business management expert Michael Porter in his book Competitive Advantage (1985). It breaks up the various elements of producing and delivery value to customers into key components. The development of value for the customer begins with inbound logistics, with subsequent components that include operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and customer service. The culmination of optimizing performance in each of these key elements is the establishment of productRead MoreSams Club and Costco1255 Words   |  6 PagesMission, Business Model, and Strategy Professor Lillian Schumacher Darrick Beckwith January 30, 2011 Costco 2 Costco Wholesale in 2008: Mission, Business Model, and Strategy What struck you as positive and/ or negatives? Were there certain strategic elements that were particularly insightful? Were there any glaring weaknesses that could jeopardize their success? There are many positives that can be drawn from the way that Costco runs and controls its business. Costco’sRead MoreThe Importance And Types Of Quickbooks702 Words   |  3 PagesAdvertising and promotions are the backbone to any successful business. The ability to convey a message or connect with a targeted group of people is the drive behind it. The marketing of products, skills, and services have become more valuable to the induvial, making big or small business pour money into advertisements and promotions. No matter the types of advertisement certain key elements continue to stay the same. The whole process cycling through again and again, because the formula for marketingRead MoreCostco Case Paper1290 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"rapid inventory turnover, high sales volume per warehouse, leveraging an efficient operating structure, reduced handling of merchandise, and making themselves the low cost operator in retail are key elements that make Costco successful (2006 )†. (Thompson, 2008 p.c-32). Key Elements of the Company’s Business Model As stated by Thompson in the case study: â€Å"Costco leaders or managers believed that rapid inventory turnover and volume purchasing achieved by efficient operation, efficient distributionRead MoreProject Analysis : Enterprise Resource Planning993 Words   |  4 Pagesof cost and resources to any organization. It also takes a lot of time to successfully integrate the firm’s business model with the ERP functions. Therefore, most ERP implementations are project based and are spanned across a certain timeframe and include separate interdependent activities like planning, implementation and commissioning. This report will analyse the elements of a successful ERP project implementation project. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System programming binds together theRead MoreStarbucks s Organizational Culture, Leadership, And Management Traits1260 Words   |  6 Pagesculture, leadership, and management traits. Suggest the key elements of Starbucks’ organizational culture that contributes to its success in a global economy. Indicate management’s role with creating and sustaining the organizational culture. A company’s organizational culture is a major influence on its employee and business performance. Organizational culture is one of the most distinct characteristics of Starbucks. There are several key elements of the company s organizational culture that contributesRead MoreThe Functions of Stage Management1022 Words   |  5 PagesTHE FUNCTIONS OF STAGE MANAGEMENT THE FUNCTIONS OF STAGE MANAGEMENT Abstract The four functions of management can be applied to business, sports teams or stage management to name a few. Stage management can apply to stadium size concerts to small theatrical acts. Planning is a key function that gets the party started. Proper planning leads to the event being organized. An organized show allows for some mistakes that can be solved in a quick and precise

Lawful Interception Market is Expected to Reach free essay sample

Lawful interception is considered to be a powerful instrument for fighting crime and eloping in maintaining law order. Audio video calls, emails, text messages, MS, digital Images, social media chats, facsimile and others are some of the various types of communication technologies, which are Intercepted by authorities for tracking Illegal activities and collecting evidences. To view the report, visit the website at http://www. Ultraconservatives. Com/lawful- interception-market Aiding for lawful Interception has become mandatory for the network providers due to the laws drafted by the governments of various nations.European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), 3rd Generation Partnership Project GAP), Communication Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALLA), Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions/ American Standardization Institution (ANSI/ TATS), SORT and Cables/ Peaceable are some of the institutions/bodies that have set rules and standards for carrying out All efficiently. Various countries across the globe follow these standards and adhere to the norms set by the regulatory bodies In their respective regions. We will write a custom essay sample on Lawful Interception Market is Expected to Reach or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Lawful interception (All) market is witnessing tremendous growth and is speedily picking pace in its lifestyle. Based on the technological strength, it can be safely assumed that All will be a prominent part of telecommunication market in the years to come. The probable growth that Is forecast In the All market Is anticipated based on the rolling criminal activities which are carried out over the communication networks using sophisticated communication devices. The growing criminal activities have directly led to the rise in number of interceptions carried out over the communication channels.Additionally, growing adoption of Next Generation Network technology (ENG) will facilitate lawful interception of voice/video calls, text messages, chats, etc. Y channeling these forms of communication over a single network. Audio call Interception had the highest revenue during 2013, which accounted for growing market segment projecting a CRAG of 33. 3% during the 2013-2020. The file transfer applications are expected to experience the increased lawful interception activities. Due to rapid growth and significant large scale adoption of digital file interception; the file transfer interception is expected to be most prominent market by 2020. The telephonic communications (EST.) would reduce over the period. However, rising mobile communications and Poi calls would maintain the market potency of the voice communication in interception. The Poi solutions are increasingly being used for conversations due to free applications such as Keep, Google Talk, etc. Numerous enterprises are implementing IP telephonic systems within their premises for communication purposes.Such personal and official communications would be key factor driving the interception of voice communication. The data downloads, and text messaging is another attractive area of interception. The law enforcement agencies often intercept the text messaging, due to ability to array more information in small volumes of data. Individuals prefer text messaging over voice conservation due to lesser cost and data requirement. Critical information could be communicated in casual text chatting. Due to this, the interception over text messages is implemented by LEAS.The report profiles major players in the lawful interception market, namely Comas, Cisco Systems, Inc. , Incognito, Net Optics, Inc. , Automatic, Undercuts, ZIT Corporation, Siemens GAG, ASS Incorporation, Vermin, SSI Telecoms, RASA Intertwines Corporation, Nice, BABE Systems, Fire Eye and Rhode Schwartz. Vermin Systems leads global market for lawful interception with about 1/3rd of market revenue and has its reach across the globe. In June 2014, Vermin announced the expansion of Vermin Negative Portfolio, which will help in enhancing business intelligence and security solutions in order to avoid frauds and losses.

Social Media Strategy And Development Target Australia †Samples

Question: Discuss about the Social Media Strategy And Development. Answer: Introduction Target Australia is a chain of departmental stores which is owned by Wesfarmers. The company is dedicated to provide fashion, style and quality products which is affordable by most of the population of Australia (Target Australia, 2017). The report is based on the evaluation and investigation of the range of social media metrics and analytic approaches with the set of recommendations to form an appropriate social media strategy for the organisation. Various analytical tools and the potential data mining approaches will be discussed. The report will focus on the comprehensive understanding of the social media landscape and an understanding on the customers and main stakeholders. Also, the social media plans and policies will be developed including the strategies of content and recommendations will be provided on the social media data. Analysis Social media analytics can be understood as the process of collecting data from the stakeholders through digital media and then this data is structured and converted into the meaningful information so that important decisions of the business can be taken. It helps in increasing the involvement of the customers and also in measuring the performance of the company (Stieglitz, 2014). Target Australia is the departmental store which adopts social media strategies in order to increase the popularity of the business and to increase the sales. The brands today, need social media to show their lively presence. But it is very important to analyse this in order to know whether it is working in favour of the organisation or not. Need of Social Media analytics Social media analytics is needed because it helps in supporting the marketing decisions of the business. With the increased usage of social media, it is very important to monitor how the company is performing and how many users are actually getting connected with the business through social media (Fan Gordon, 2014). For e.g. On Facebook, it is been analysed that the users have liked or joined any page of a company and saw interests in their advertisements. Benefits and challenges of Social Media Analytics The benefits of Social Media Analytics include: The increased number of posts and content It provides competitive benchmarking for the business. It helps in identifying the influencers of business. Cost saving on the marketing and advertisement activities Better optimization of the content and marketing strategies (Carver, 2015) It helps in providing better customer services due to the knowledge about the customer responses. SMA helps in completing the significant tasks like diagnose, Prioritize and Evaluate. Diagnose refers to assessing that how the communication strategies will be adjusted to improve the results of the companys strategy. Prioritize includes determining the content, users, the platform to be used and other factors on priority. At last, Evaluate refers to the analysis of data to which determines the success and value of your marketing strategy (Holsapple, Hsiao Pakath, 2014). On the contrary, it also has some challenges which are to be faced by the companies. The challenges for adopting Social Media analytics includes: The companies find it difficult to collect data from various sources. More of multimedia is involved rather than the related text. There is a need to develop different techniques so that the companies could identify and track the posts. There are problems in social media posts which have to be addressed. It is challenging to arrange the unstructured data (Hausman, 2014). As per Jackson (2016), Social media metrics can be referred to the data and statistics which provide insights to the business for its social media marketing performance. Target Australia can also measure the brand performance on social media on the basis of the responses which the content receives. On the basis of this, the analysis of the performance on social media can be measured for the competitors as well which helps the organisation to determine its own position in the industry. Tools used for social media analytics There are many tools which can be used by Target Australia to review its own performance. It is very important to find the right tool for the business because these tools vary as per the costs, prices, experience of user effectiveness. Some of the tools which can be used by Target Australia are explained below: Facebook Insights: Facebook is one of the largest social media platforms which help the company in knowing and keeping the track of the posts and likes received by the company. It also helps the company in determining the demographics and choices of the customers. It helps in letting the company know that which posts are helpful in getting success for the business (Sterne, 2010). Twitter analytics: The twitter analytics helps business in knowing that which tweets are succeeding and to what degree. The matrix will help in breaking the audience into the percentages which will be based on the gender, income, choices, etc. This helps the business in segmenting its customers so that the potential customers can be targeted. Pinterest Analytics: By creating a business profile on Pinterest, Target Australia can know that what users are loving about their pins or what kind of pins are most liked by people. It helps in gaining insights about the interested followers and here, half the battle is won. Instagram Insights: Here, free business profile can be created and the business could get the details about the profile views and also the demographic data about the followers or visitors. It also shows who are the active users on Instagram who visit the profile and promotions of the business (Sudarsanam, 2016). Some of the social media websites offers its own analytics like discussed above but there are some other tools as well which helps the companies to understand how their business is performing. Some of the tools are: Google Alerts: Here, the business get some alerts and whatever the business name is mentioned online, it get alerts. It helps business in knowing that which content is bringing it in headlines (Lovett, 2011). Hootsuite: It is one of the most used social mediamanagement system. It helps in organising the campaigns on many social media websites. It helps in recognizing the audience, targeting the audience and then treating them accordingly. It helps in providing weekly reports on the social analytics of the business as well (Berger, 2013). Data Mining Data can be referred to the facts and statistics which are collected for analyses. The companies use social media platforms to collect data to analyse it and find some meaningful information out of it. Data mining can be referred to the process of collecting the data for analysing it so that the information can be built and used for discovering the patterns and trends. Data mining in social media is designed to collect the data from the social media websites like Facebook, Twitter and more. Taking out valuable information from data from social media is social data mining. The social media platforms include Emails, chats, social news, opinions, reviews, etc. Data mining from social media is important because the World Wide Web is vast and millions of people share data over there. This data is helpful for advertising and marketing. With the help of this data, the companies can produce customised products for the customers. It helps in creating rich customer experience and also helps in design and development (Chen, Chiang Storey, 2012). Target Australia adopts data mining techniques like Graph Mining or Text Mining. Applications like Big data can be used for data mining. These services have to be purchased by the organisations like Target Australia to get the facility of data mining. Data Mining is a significant process for the analysis of social media for the organisations (Gandomi Haider, 2015). Evaluation and Recommendations: Evaluation After the analysis of the Social media metrics and tools for the analysis, Evaluation is done to choose the best social media analytic tool for Target Australia. The company should select the technology which best supports the business objectives and the nature of business of the organisation. The business has to choose among the different available features and select the ones which are required for the evaluation of then social media strategies of the business. The business could also use multiple tools providing they are in the budget of the company (Kurniawati, Shanks Bekmamedova, 2013). The business should evaluate the content used on the social media, sources used and how often they are been reviewed. For evaluating the success of these tools, Target Australia could conduct surveys and can evaluate the statistics to know how much change these tools can bring to the business. Calculation of ROI ROI can be calculated using the standard formula which is given below: ROI= (Total $ Earned- Total $ Invested)/ (Total $ Invested) * 100 ROI is just one measure of calculating the social business of the organisations but there are lot many evaluation tools which were discussed above (Etlinger, 2011). Facebook Insights Metrics Facebook provides complete metrics for the business. By using this, the business can keep a track of all its Facebook pages by clicking on them. Here, the overview of data will be given. This will be in the form of Number of likes, reach and visits of people. This shows the engagement of people with the posts on the Facebook page. For e.g. the Likes Tab will provide the details about the trends of likes on the page. According to Dawley (2016), the companies need to measure their ROI from the social media campaigns. There are some social media metrics which helps in tracking the trends of business and help Target Australia to take its business to next level. The organisation can track the bounce rate which is the percentage of the visitors who leave the website of the company after viewing only single page. The company can take further steps to make people stay on these sites and convert them into the buyers. Google Analytics The business can use Google analytics for this or any other analytics provider. For e.g. In Google Analytics, the business needs to go under the Acquisition tab and then click all traffic for the channels. Here, the business has to click on button of bounce rate and there the channels are ranked from the lowest bounce rate to the highest one. Here, the analysis can be made that which channel is more effective and which one is less effective (Jeffrey, 2013). The companies nowadays participate in the social media. Target Australia has its own website for providing a platform to the shoppers to buy the products and also have social media platforms where the customers can question or provide feedback and the businesses have to respond to this. The company have to measure these activities when they are engaging in social media. It is ideal for evaluating the value of traffic coming from various websites to the Target Australia. It evaluates that how many visitors are converted into the customers (Jeffrey, 2013). Cyfe CYfe is a tool which provides information and the content which is been shared on the social media about the business and it also shows what impact it have on the ROI of the business. The widgets are created as shown in the figure and the reporting on various social media sites can be reported like Facebook advertisements, engagement on Twitter, etc. It helps in tracking sales, invoices and customer visits (Gotter, 2016). Twitter Analytics Target Australia use Twitter to improve its customer experience from retweets. They have created a twitter page where they find out the general mention of their business and talk to people about their brand online. They also invite the customers to share their open feedbacks and experiences with the organisation and then develop the analysis to develop the future actions to engage customers (Smith, 2015). It helps in analysing the number of tweets, profile visits and followers. It provides month position and statistics to the business which helps in bringing improvements in the business. Steps to evaluate the social media analytic tools adopted by Target Australia Step 1: Identify the needs Target Australia is active on Facebook, Twitter and it also has its own website. The company is interested in tracking its social media activities through various tools like Google analytics, facebook insights and Twitter Analytics. The main objective of social media is to connect more and more with the potential customers. The company is facing a challenge in converting the visitors to the buyers of the companys business (Evans, 2010). Step 2: Make a list of top tools to evaluate Target Australia should make a list of the tools which provides best results to the business. This should be evaluated on the basis of online research, reviews by industry experts and recommendations from the professionals (Lawrence, et al., 2010). Step 3: See a demonstration A demonstration should be taken on the business to see the social media data and to understand the features. Step 4: Testing The company should keep the tools on trial for a certain period so that the effectiveness of the tool can be known (Cleary, 2017). This framework or the process will help the business to achieve their social media objectives. Recommendations There are some recommendations to the businesses to analyse their social media tools and make improvements in the business. First of all, Target Australia should use a framework for the social analytics so that a measurement program can be planned. The framework can be planned by setting the business objectives and strategies and then by identifying the business metrics supporting those objectives. There are advantages of the social media data but it also possesses some limitations. The business should educate itself about the limitations of the social data. The business should evaluate how the measurement of likes, visits and shares could help business to grow. The business should also set the roles and responsibilities for the analytical team and should determine that what all resources are needed and how the tools and resources should be used. The budget is also a factor which determines the selection of the evaluation tool. After the assessment of needs, the business should choose a vendor to buy the services as per their needs. If multiple tools are used, the business should consider how they will compliment each other. Some social media policy and plans should be developed which would make it easy to achieve the set targets and objectives. Conclusion It can be concluded that the company is growing in its presence on social media and it requires some analytical tools which determines the success or failure of the social media business of Target Australia. A competitive analysis is required and there are many options available like Facebook Insights, Google alerts, Google analytics, etc. which provides an opportunity for the business to grow its business. The company should not rely on one measurement tool but can try the other tools too as per the framework designed. References Berger, A A (2013).Media analysis techniques. Sage Publications. Carver, B (2015). 5 Reasons to Invest in Dedicated Social Media Analytics Tools. Social Media Today. Chen, H, Chiang, R H, Storey, V C (2012). Business intelligence and analytics: From big data to big impact.MIS quarterly,36(4), 1165-1188. Cleary, I (2017). The Social Media Analytics Compass: What and How to Measure. Razor Social. Dawley, S (2016). 7 Social Media Metrics that Really Matterand How to Track Them. Hootsuite. Etlinger, S (2011). A Framework for Social Analytics. Altimeter. Evans, D (2010).Social media marketing: the next generation of business engagement. John Wiley Sons. Fan, W Gordon, M D (2014). The Power of Social Media Analytics. Communications of the ACM. Gandomi, A Haider, M (2015). Beyond the hype: Big data concepts, methods, and analytics.International Journal of Information Management,35(2), 137-144. Gotter, A (2016). 5 Tools to Measure Social Media ROI. Retrieved from https://www.socialmediaexaminer.com/5-tools-to-measure-social-media-roi/. Hausman, A (2014). 5 Challenges of Real-time Social Media Analytics. Retrieved from https://www.hausmanmarketingletter.com/challenges-real-time-social-media-analytics/. Holsapple, C, Hsiao, S H Pakath, R (2014). Business social media analytics: definition, benefits, and challenges. Jackson, D (2016). All of the Social Media Metrics That Matter. Sprout Social. Jeffrey, A (2013). Social Media Measurement: A Step-by-Step Approach. Institute for Public Relations. Kurniawati, K, Shanks, G G Bekmamedova, N (2013). The Business Impact Of Social Media Analytics. InECIS(Vol. 13, p. 13). Lawrence, R, Melville, P, Perlich, C, Sindhwani, V, Meliksetian, S, Hsueh, P, Liu, Y (2010). Social media analytics.OR/MS Today, 26-30. Lovett, J (2011).Social media metrics secrets(Vol. 159). John Wiley Sons. Smith, M (2015). Top 10 Retail Brands That Lead on Social Media Performance. Marketing eye. Sterne, J (2010).Social media metrics: How to measure and optimize your marketing investment. John Wiley Sons. Stieglitz, S (2014). Social Media Analytics. Business Information Systems Engineering. Sudarsanam, S K (2016). Social Media Metrics.Social Media Listening and Monitoring for Business Applications, 131. Target Australia. (2017). About Us. Retrieved from https://www.target.com.au/company/about-us.

Organizational Design Behavior Essay Example

Organizational Design Behavior Paper If the organizational structure is meant to reflect its situation, the Limora Hospital and the Community Health Centres (LCHC) structures do not do this. The current structure does not reflect the complexity, dynamics, or the environment. There appears to be little consideration given to parameters of design. Organizational design is used to maneuver a series of criterion that determine the division of labor and coordination. The Limora Hospital and the LCHC have weaknesses in their design concerning the decision making system, the lateral connections between the superstructure, the format of the subunits and the individual job positions. These are integral parts of the structure and seem to be a weakness at both facilities. I would describe the structure of the LCHC as almost non-existent. Although the case study doesnt provide a lot of information about the actual parts of the for Limora Hospital or the LCHC, it does appear to be somewhat better at the Hospital then at the LCHC. As an initial step, it would help to combine some areas of the two facilities and better utilize its technostructure, support staff and operating core. The strategic apex is weak with no consistent, committed leadership or administration. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Design Behavior specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Design Behavior specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Design Behavior specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer There is confusion about the Bishops power of authority. He appears to have given his power away, yet some employees indicate otherwise. In fact, there doesnt appear to be any real management to apply managerial leadership and direction. This kind of confusion and conflict demoralizes the apex and the middle line entirely. A common vision, mission, and active interest in the future must be demonstrated by the Executives if they are to flow down into the core of the organization. This is lacking and is sorely felt by Dr. Macdonald who cannot pass down anything more than he is capable of, or more, than he is receiving from his superiors. There is a small technostructure in high demand, a large support staff, and an operating core that is clearly not well managed. Most evident is the lack of linkages between management and the operating core. Although not as evident are the weak linkages between the core and the supporting staff. A limited horizontal decentralization might work where the strategic apex shares some power with the technostruture that standardizes everyones work and some of these linkages. A well organized management team and employee links to them are necessary. A strong theoretical point is made in The Classical School of organizational theory by Henry Fayol, a French industrialist. He, and other theorists like Urwick, Gulick, Mooney and Reiley, emphasized the universality of the management function in all kinds of different organizations. Fayols theory worked from the board of directors and chief executives down through the organization. He stressed the importance of planning, organizing, coordinating and controlling the administration of an organization from the top down. The weakness in Limora Hospital and the LCHC can be found in the management of the Apex and he middle line, and the operating core. No serious attention has been given to these areas so they can achieve the leadership and administrative control they need. The parts of the organization do not support the coordinating mechanisms required, and neglect to meet the needs of either facility. They should reflect the configuration for a professional organization that relies on the trained professionals who have a high level of control over their work. It is safe to assume that the Doctors and nurses have all been trained and have standardized their professional skills before working at the either facility. Coordination is achieved by the virtue of doctors and nurses having learned what to expect from one another. So they do have this basic mechanism of coordination. What is lacking, is the necessary organizational glue to hold it together. Perhaps the standardization of norms as another coordinating mechanism. The nurses dont seem to be able to coordinate their activities based on their common goal of caring for the sick and standardizing norms would be helpful. There has been an attempt at coordination by Dr. Macdonald, but the organization has been without strong consistent control for too long. Although there doesnt appear to be a middle line, Dr. Macdonald has been left to promote coordination and proper design on his own. His leadership attempt is valiant but he needs the help of qualified middle line managers. The missing parameters of design are Behaviour formalization, Training, and Unit grouping. Behaviour formalization would provide work processes and job descriptions to reduce confusion about what work people should be doing and how they should be doing it. On the surface, one may question whether a group of professionals need stringent rules and regulations. Although these professionals know the essence of their roles, and have a lot of control over what they do, they lack a framework within which to work and make decisions. Behaviour formalization could outline the framework within which they can take control and, identify the boundary where they need the assistance and cooperation of others. Also very important, is to identify the communication linkages to others inside and outside this framework. This would eliminate much confusion, instill confidence into the operating core, and bring cooperation among managers and workers. It seems to me that when you are dealing with the life, death, and the health of others, the last thing you want is dissension and confusion among those who are caring for you. Aside from the professional skills applied by the doctors and nurses, the simplest procedures in administration of core workers could be a disastrous for the patient. As an example, how is a specific report completed, when is it completed, who are the critical receivers of the report, when must they receive it, and what must be included in it, all involve linkages and cooperation among professionals, staff and management. If these are broken in some way or done incorrectly, outside of the prescribed framework, they can impact a life. Chester Bernards book, The Functions of Executives, from the human relations school of thought, emphasized the need for clarity and cooperation among managers and workers to further the interests of everyone. Bernard said that organizations by their very nature are cooperative systems and cannot survive otherwise. He listed three forces to achieve this cooperation; executive leadership, subordinate acceptance of organizational goals, and the power of informal work groups. Clearly in a hospital there is room for strict rules and processes outlined by the leaders, but because there are also large areas of independent decision making, you must have a cooperation and a balance of both. Training, another parameter of design, can teach the professionals what the standards, processes, and procedures are, and clearly define the level of performance for each. The Limora Hospital must had some training on the hospitals procedures but when the nurses came over to work at the LCHC, they complained that they were not oriented to these properly. Training at LCHC is lacking in this area. The essence of the work done by the professionals is no different in either the Limora Hospital or the LCHC. What is different is the purpose for each facility and the level of output. One is a hospital that cares for the people who are already ill, and the LCHC is a community program that focuses on preventative health to try to keep people from ending up in the hospital. The hospital doctors and nurses would likely be prescriptive in their care for very ill patients over a shorter period. The LCHC would also prescribe but would likely be more descriptive in their care over longer periods of time in the community. Teaching these fundamentally different objectives to everyone, and what work is wrapped around them, would facilitate a clear direction for exactly what the jobs are in each facility. The Scientific Management theory advocates a systematic approach to job design, performance, and training. Not necessarily all of the theory components are applicable the systematic approach to training does apply to a health organization. There is a systematic way of applying medical tests to ensure there are no mistakes. Speed and efficiency are critical. There may be a departure from this theory as it relates to division of work and task specialization, but the scientific selection of training remains useful to our health care situation. Adam Winslow Taylor and Henry Gantt emphasized the need for systematic training of workers. Taylor particularly advocated that the role of management was to know their employees and to train them to do well. If this was done, it would produce maximum efficiency. Finally, both the LCHC and the hospital are dependent on the same resources. They both need analysts such as accounting and personnel, they both use the same nurses and doctors in their operating core, and both need the use of land rovers in their work. Conflicts have surfaced because the organizational structure does not leverage these like needs well. For example: Clear and accurate financial accounting for both areas They both need highly qualified doctors and nurses Their primary and supporting staff need similar training They are dependent on each other but the structure does not promote interdependency They both require processes and procedures to perform their jobs well Unit grouping would be the design parameter most required to help facilitate the mutual needs of each unit. Grouping these under the same supervision would encourage cooperation and help to promote a more efficient and cooperative working environment. Once the needs of each area are clear, you need to establish liaison positions, or roles that can coordinate the work of two units. These liaison positions are missing in the hospital and LCHC structure. Task forces are also missing. Task forces can plan meetings, bring the members of each unit together, and integrate mangers to coordinate what is important to the units. These initiatives would eliminate competition for the best nurses and doctors, and provide a fair an accurate financial accounting for both facilities. It is difficult to tell how much impact the support staff for either the Limora hospital, or the LCHC have on the operating core and the quality of care. Im sure the support staff could also be optimized by unit groupings. Unlike the scientific management theory that did not provide a theory of general organizational design, the classical school of organizational theory did. Henry Fayol, from this theory, suggested that all jobs should be regrouped on some common basis to achieve coordination or unity of direction. Henry Fayol also saw the importance of working from the board of directors down into the organization, different from the scientific management school of thought which worked from the bottom up. Both are useful for our purposes. This regrouping theory and focus on the top levels of the organization are very applicable to the Limora Hospital and the LCHC. There are also some situational factors such as age, size, technical systems, power, and environment that need consideration. Understanding the impact of situational factors can help identify the weaknesses in the structure and how to improve them. For example, the hospital and the LCHC are only 10 years old and there are only 280 beds. This means they are relatively young and small and that their behaviours arent yet formalized. The fact is there is a lack of organizational maturity. As the organization ages and grows in size, the behaviours will become formalized and the more homogeneous. Because the environment in a hospital is complex and decisions cannot be made by one person, one might decentralize the structure and push the decision making down. However, with the problems at the Limora Hospital and the LCHC, it would be wise to centralize some of its structure temporarily. Taking this action in the right areas would eliminate the current hostile environment. As the organization matures, selective vertical and horizontal decentralization can be applied where the power over different decisions is spread over different parts of the organization more readily. Finally we have the operating core, the key part of the organization that is composed of professionals. Although the basic coordinating mechanism of standardization of skills exists, standardization of processes, and outputs are weak. These together with the lack of leadership, have politicized the organization and the people are in conflict. Consequently, the structure of Limora Hospital and LCHC has become a professional bureaucracy, not uncommon in Hospitals. A view of Professionals is that they are attached to the organization, but still have extensive autonomy and freedom. This gives them the best of both worlds. From an organizational perspective, however, this environment is very difficult to control and measure. The hospital and the LCHC need to discover then prescribe, when and how the attachment to the organization is essential, and when autonomy is necessary. As stated earlier, as the organization matures, professionals will perfect their own skills and repeat what works for the overall success of their jobs. For right now, framework and guidance are required. Guidance, communication and leadership would maximize the professionals output, efficiency and morale. Another item that may be an issue for the hospital and the LCHC is professional incompetence in its core operations. Although incompetence is not indicated in the case study, it may be an undiscovered issue because it is difficult to identify it in a professional organization that has lots of autonomy. Hence one measure of control is to ensure you hire competent professionals, and you continue to upgrade and train them. The standardization of skills and norms will help, but does not address incompetence. In summary, the weakness in the organizational structure of the Limora Hospital and the LCHC are challenging, but fixable. It is important to step back and look at what parameters of control or freedom a health care organization requires. It seems a portion of a hospital operations needs a very stringent scientific approach to its organization, yet another portion demands that the professional skilled people to have the authority and power to assert their knowledge independently. Theoretically, I would apply Max Webers Bureaucracy theory as an approach. This structure would ensure that there are clear lines of power, orderly procedures and rules that would remove any randomness and unpredictability from the hospital system. The interactions are based on standards Vs the personal feelings of peers and managers. It would add fairness and equity of evaluation. It is a rational and formal-structural response to organizational problems. The immaturity must be aided by making some structural changes. The superstructure appears to need the least amount of work. There is an existing Apex (which needs some focus), a middle line (which needs to grow), a small technostructure (which should be combined for both facilities to use), and an ill managed operating core. I hesitate to say too much about the support staff. Unfortunately, the case does not provide enough information about this unit for comment.. I must assume there is a support staff functioning at the hospital since they could not possibly continue without the support of a support staff. Most of the organizational changes need to be done in the essential design parameters of the subunits. Standardization of skills has already been achieved and the remaining would include: Behaviour formalization to help standardize work processes and procedures Training to teach the standards and procedures and achieve standardization Unit groupings to group jobs under one supervision for maximum efficiency and cooperation The structural changes will also facilitate more effective communications, enhance the ability of the leaders to lead, and increase intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The complexities of organizational structure and organizational behaviour are huge. Because of these complexities, generally one theory, one behavioural model, or one method of structure does not always meet all the needs of the organization. There is no doubt, however, that guiding principles and basic fundamental models work and would work for Limora Hospital and the LCHC. 2. What are the effects on motivation, leadership and communication because of the weaknesses identified in your answer to Question #1 at the Limora Communication Health Centre? The weakness in the organizational structure at LCHC hampers leadership, communication, and motivation. In reverse, the lack of leadership, communication and motivation have impacted the organizational structure. The definition of each of these explains the importance of their interrelationship to one another. Leadership is based on the ability to influence others to achieve organizational goals. Formal leaders hold a high rank in the hierarchy and informal leaders are recognized for outstanding skills and abilities. Managing is sometimes mistaken for leadership. The difference is that a manager brings order to the employees, and a leader makes useful changes in the organization. Communication is the process of two or more people exchanging information. The sender is the initiator of the message and the receiver is the one that the message is direct to. Effective communication is achieved when the message from the sender is received as it was intended. Motivation can be understood as a force within us that is triggered by various needs. This force then drives us to satisfy an unsatisfied need. There are basically two different categories of motivation. One is intrinsic and the other extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation comes from inside ourselves and extrinsic from outside ourselves. All three of these are lacking at the LCHC. Some of them are highly impacted by the weaknesses in the organizational structure, and some are lacking in the individuals as skills. Motivation, leadership and communication are dependent on one another and cannot function very well in an organization on their own. Leadership generally deals with the complexities of humans and human behaviour. There are many approaches to leadership, each with theories and models. The Traits theories would look at leaders and explore their traits or characteristics. Behavioural leadership theories centre around the behaviours demonstrated by effective leaders. Lastly, the contingency approach puts forward the notion that it depends on both behaviour and traits. Situations can effect what traits and behviours are most useful.. The most suitable leadership approach for the LCHC would be the contingency approach since it offers ways to look at behaviour and traits. It also lends itself to approaches for leading tasks and people. There are task issues and relationship issues at LCHC that need leadership. Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchards situation leadership model offers different behaviours suited to either a task situation or a relationship situation. Some of the leadership weakness at LCHC are: The lines of authority for the division of labor between the apex and the middle line are not clear. This makes leadership difficult. The Bishop is not motivated to take on this leadership, or he does not have the leadership expertise to lead. It is the Bishop that should set forth the proper leadership characteristics, and develop the triggers that will motivate his organization. There seems to be no communication from him about the mission, strategy, or goals of either facility. If this is missing at the top, it cascades down throughout the organization very quickly. It is evident that the professionals in the operating core are confused, and dont have clear goals to follow. These goals would help pull all of them in the same direction. The middle line, where Dr. Macdonald is managing, needs qualified managers. When there are no qualified managers, and management systems are in chaos, leadership is compromised for the strongest of leaders. The above points in the structural weaknesses involve task and volatile relationships issues. The application of the Hersey / Blanchard model of leadership will help both the task and relationship concerns. . Regarding communications, the LCHC does not adequately provide the network for good communications among all its employees. Unit groupings are weak and management does not seem to have a lot of integrity in their communications. Its important to have a place that can determine what communications vehicle should be used to gain the highest impact for any given message. Rich communication demands face to face interaction, next is the telephone, and the poorest is via memo or letter. There are no liaison positions in place at the LCHC. These positions could determine communication vehicles, disseminate information and improve upward, downward and horizontal communications. A very large part of good communications is also about listening and knowing how to communicate. Communication involves giving and receiving feedback. These skills are generally part of a good training program. The LCHC does not have a good training program in place that could help them increase harmony, efficiency and mutual understanding. When good communications are in place, feedback is at an optimum, therefore, managers and employees could actively participate in formal and informal evaluations processes. If the managers and employees are involved in the evaluation process, they are most apt to be fair and equitable in their assessment of each other. The employees at LCHC are not motivated. The lack of motivation is a direct result of the lack of leadership and effective communications. It can also be linked to the organization of the subunits. Grouping different jobs under common supervision can pull them together to achieve similar goals thus triggering motivation.. Employees also need, and are more likely driven by intrinsic motivators. These can come from reaching personal career goals, making enough money to buy a new house, or simply feeling good when a patient gets well as a direct result of their care. Putting a Human Resources management in place could provide rewards programs in the form of money, recognition, and promotion. These are all triggers for employees to set themselves goals to reach these rewards. Lockes goal setting theory says setting clear, challenging, realistic and acceptable goals raises performance. Goals invoke motivations since our thoughts and actions are directed by our goals. It is much easier for the LCHC employees to set their personal work related goals if they have been given short term departmental goals or milestones and long term organizational goals. Each department would work in a cooperative setting to reach these goals. When employees dont see or feel a sense of purpose, there is often conflict, competition, and behaviour is based on the fear of not knowing where they are headed. Consequently, this leads to low morale and demotivated employees. The LCHC should consistently communicate the rewards and results of effort and hard work. This will encourage employees to expect a reward for their work. Vrooms expectancy theory supports this idea. He says that if you put effort in, you will get a positive outcome. Individuals will look at a given situation in this way. increased effort will lead to good performance, good performance will lead to certain outcomes, and then are the outcomes worthwhile. If they are, the effort will be put forth. In summary, leadership, communication, and motivation are a must for an organizations success. If the structure is aligned to support all three, there is increased productivity, high level of efficiency and high morale among the employees.